Internal Medicine and Healthcare

Advanced training in cardiovascular disease is represented by clinical cardiac electrophysiology, which focuses on managing complex cardiac electro physiologic heart disease. These internists, who are frequently referred to as "electro physiologists," have received training in the mechanism, purpose, and execution of the electrical activities of the heart. Electro physiologists assess patients with severe heart rhythm abnormalities and provide management support (arrhythmias). They have received training in both invasive and noninvasive diagnostic techniques, including tilt-table testing and electro physiologic tests, as well as how to treat arrhythmias using interventional techniques, medicine, and devices like pacemakers and cardioverters (such as catheter ablation). Cardiologists that specialize in cardiac electrophysiology frequently work in hospitals and clinics where these problems are identified and treated

In order to diagnose and treat coronary artery disease, vascular disease, structural heart disease, and congenital heart defects, interventional cardiology uses specialized catheter-based procedures. Interventional cardiologists monitor cardiovascular functions including blood pressure and blood flow in significant arteries across the body and within the various heart chambers using a variety of diagnostic equipment and imaging techniques. Traditional "open" cardiac procedures are not carried out by interventional cardiologists

The diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of cancer are the main goals of the medical specialty known as medical oncology. Treatment for cancer patients by a medical oncologist may involve chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. A medical oncologist will collaborate with other physicians to develop the best treatment strategy for you. Your cancer diagnosis will be explained to you, along with its type and stage. You can manage your cancer symptoms and side effects with their assistance

Conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels are collectively referred to as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty deposits inside the arteries, and a higher risk of blood clots are typically connected with it. It may also be linked to artery damage in several organs, including the kidneys, eyes, heart, brain, and heart. One of the biggest causes of death and disability is CVD, yet it is frequently significantly avoidable by adopting a healthy lifestyle. There are numerous varieties of CVD

Hormones are the subject of endocrinology. For our daily survival, hormones are necessary. They regulate our growth, emotion, stress, sleep, and many other factors. A doctor who specializes in treating disorders brought on by hormonal imbalances is an endocrinologist. A chemical messenger called a hormone moves from one cell to another. The bloodstream carries hormones from one area of the body to another, where they have an impact. This makes it easier for various body sections to communicate with one another. Endocrine glands, such as the pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal glands, release hormones. Endocrine glands are not all types of glands; for instance, sweat glands and lymph nodes are not endocrine glands

The field of internal medicine known as nephrology is a specialization that focuses on the identification and management of kidney-related illnesses. The kidneys are the bean-shaped organs that are positioned on either side in the retroperitoneal area in a human body. The kidneys are in charge of eliminating waste and extra fluid from the body. They are essential for maintaining electrolyte concentrations, which might fluctuate due to a variety of illnesses or medications, and for maintaining fluid consumption. Many renal issues are systemic illnesses, meaning they affect more than just the kidney. These elements require specific care and medical attention

The leading peer-reviewed open access publication devoted to all facets of palliative care for the terminally ill and those experiencing excruciating pain because of a chronic illness is called Hospice & Palliative Medicine International Journal (HPMIJ). Palliative care can assist in controlling symptoms, suffering, or negative therapeutic side effects. It can aid people in coping with their emotions related to having a serious illness. Additionally, it can aid in communication so that everyone involved in a patient's care is aware of their common objectives. Even preparing for future medical treatment could benefit from it. The team members who are involved in this treatment, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, pastoral counselors, psychologists, programmed administrators, and any other specialty, will find this publication to be of interest

The area of medicine dedicated to problems of the digestive system is called gastroenterology. The focus of this specialty is on conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the organs from the mouth into the stomach through the elementary canal. These medical professionals are known as gastroenterologists. They typically have eight years of pre-medical and medical education under their belts, a year-long internship (if it is not included in the residency), three years of internal medicine residency, and three years of gastroenterology fellowship. Colonoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and liver biopsy are among the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures carried out by gastroenterologists. Although this is frequently their seventh year of graduate medical study, some gastrointestinal trainees will finish a "fourth-year" in this field

Infectious diseases are illnesses brought on by pathogens, which are dangerous substances that enter your body. Viruses, bacteria, fungus, and parasites are the most frequent culprits. Typically, infectious diseases are passed from one person to another, through tainted food or drink, and through insect bites. Infectious diseases can range in severity from very mild to very serious

The science or study of blood and blood disorders is known as hematology. Hematology is the study and practice of treating diseases of the blood, including sickle cell anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and many types of hemophilia. The physiology, pathology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood-related illnesses are all covered under the field of internal medicine known as hematology. Hematologists identify blood count or platelet anomalies and concentrate mostly on the lymphatic and bone marrow systems. The lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and lymphoid tissue are among the organs that hematologists treat

Since diabetes affects the body's ability to release and retain energy from food, it is considered a metabolic illness. Due to issues with insulin synthesis, this occurs. When a person consumes carbs, the body starts to convert them into glucose, which is their most basic form. After then, this glucose enters the bloodstream and provides energy to all of the body's cells. Normally, the pancreas releases insulin when blood glucose levels are too high. This hormone instructs the liver to convert blood glucose into glycogen, which the body can use in the future. Diabetes, however, causes insulin levels to drop below normal levels. High blood glucose levels result from this, which may have negative Trusted Source effects